Preparation of 3D printed metoprolol tartrate chewable tablets and optimization of printing process / 药学学报

With the growing demand of personalized medicine for children, it is especially important to develop medicines for children. In this study, using metoprolol tartrate as model drug, we developed 3D printed chewable tablets suitable for children with automated dosage distribution using semi-solid extruded (SSE) 3D printing technology. Based on the quality by design concept, this study prepared a semi-solid material with good printability using gelatin as the substrate, constructed 3D models and printed tablets with the aid of computer-aided design. The printing parameters were optimized and determined as follows: print temperature of 35-37 ℃, print speed of 25 mm·s-1, fill rate of 15%, and number of outer profile layers of 2. Subsequently, the printing process and the quality uniformity of the tablets were verified, and a linear relationship between the dose and the number of model layers was obtained. Finally, 3D printed chewable tablets were superior in terms of appearance, dose accuracy and compliance compared with traditional split-dose commercially available tablets. In this study, 3D printed metoprolol tartrate chewable tablets with good performance were successfully prepared to address the personalized medication needs of pediatric patients.

Clinical application of targeted sealing with high viscosity bone cement and secondary injection of low viscosity bone cement in vertebroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical efficacy of targeted sealing with high viscosity bone cement and secondary injection of low viscosity bone cement in the treatment of OVCFs patients with the fracture lines involved vertebral body margin.@*METHODS@#The elderly patients who underwent vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures from January 2019 to September 2021 were selected as the screening objects. Through relevant standards and further CT examination, 56 patients with fracture lines involving the anterior wall or upper and lower endplates of the vertebral body were selected for the study. There were 21 males and 35 females, aged from 67 to 89 years old with an average of (76.58±9.68) years. All 56 patients underwent secondary injection of bone cement during operation. Only a small amount of high viscosity cement was targeted to seal the edge of the vertebral body for the first time, and low viscosity cement was injected to the vertebral bodies during second bolus with well-distributed. The operation time, bone cement volume and bone cement leakage were recorded, and the pain relief was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS).@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for more than 3 months and the surgeries were successfully complete. The operation time was (50.41±10.30) min and the bone cement volume was (3.64±1.29) ml. The preoperative VAS was (7.21±2.41) points, which decreased significantly to (2.81±0.97) points 3 days after operation(P<0.05). Among the 56 patients, 2 cases(3.57%) had bone cement leakage, 1 case leaked to the paravertebral vein, and 1 case slightly bulged to the paravertebral through the crack when plugging the vertebral crack. Both patients had no obvious clinical symptoms.@*CONCLUSION@#In vertebroplasty surgery, targeted sealing of high viscosity bone cement and secondary injection of low viscosity bone cement can reduce intraoperative bone cement leakage and improve the safety of operation.

Responses of blood parameters and hemoglobin subtypes in plateau zokors and plateau pikas to different altitude habitats / 生理学报

The plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) are native species unique to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau with successful adaptation to the hypoxic environment. In this study, the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, mean hematocrit and mean volume of red blood cells were measured in plateau zokors and plateau pikas at different altitudes. Hemoglobin subtypes of two plateau animals were identified by mass spectrometry sequencing. The forward selection sites in two animals' hemoglobin subunits were analyzed by PAML4.8 program. Homologous modeling was used to analyze the effect of forward selection sites on the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen. The adapting strategies of plateau zokors and plateau pikas to hypoxia at different altitudes were analyzed through comparing blood parameters between the two species. The results indicated that, with increasing altitudes, plateau zokors responded to hypoxia by increasing red blood cell count and decreasing red blood cell volume, while plateau pikas took the opposite strategies to plateau zokors. In erythrocytes of plateau pikas, both adult α2β2 and fetal α2ε2 hemoglobins were identified, while erythrocytes of plateau zokors only had adult α2β2 hemoglobin, however the affinities and the allosteric effects of the hemoglobin of plateau zokors were significantly higher than those of plateau pikas. Mechanistically, in the α and β subunits of hemoglobin of plateau zokors and pikas, the numbers and the sites of the positively selected amino acids as well as the side chain groups polarities and orientations of the amino acids differed significantly, which may result in the difference of the affinities to oxygen of hemoglobin between plateau zokors and pikas. In conclusion, the adaptive mechanisms to respond to hypoxia in blood properties of plateau zokors and plateau pikas are species-specific.

Biometric investigation of ocular components in various types of anisometropia in school-age children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the differences and correlations between different types of anisometropia, binocular visual acuity and biological parameters in school-age children.METHODS: A total of 128 school-age children(6-12 years)with mild-to-moderate anisometropia were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were divided into five groups according to anisometropia type. All participants underwent cycloplegic refraction, A-scan ultrasound biometry, and corneal topography. Refractive status, best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), vitreous chamber depth(VCD), axial length(AL), corneal radius(CR), and ratio of AL and CR(AL/CR)were recorded. Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman rank correlation tests were then used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: Hyperopic anisometropia had the greatest binocular vision difference(0.14±0.20). Myopic anisometropia had the greatest asymmetry in AL and VCD(0.56±0.41 and 0.56±0.39 mm, respectively). Anisometropia was positively correlated with BCVA, VCD, AL, and AL/CR(r=0.266, 0.379, 0.350, 0.263, respectively; P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05), and it was not significantly correlated with LT and CR(r=-0.019,-0.069, respectively; P&#x0026;#x003E;0.05), while no parameters had a statistically significant correlation with anisometropia in each group.CONCLUSION: School-age children with hyperopic anisometropia showed the greatest difference of binocular acuity in the four types of anisometropia. The inter-ocular differences of biometric parameters in simple hyperopic or myopic anisometropia were mainly attributed to the asymmetry of VCD and AL, while the differences in ocular parameters were not statistically significant in school-age children with astigmatic anisometropia.

The prevalence and influencing factors of common chronic diseases among residents in Aheqi County, Xinjiang / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of major chronic diseases among Kirgiz residents in Aheqi County, Xinjiang, and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in this area. Methods　The data of residents in Aheqi County, Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2020 for health checkup were selected, and the permanent residents of Kirgiz nationality aged ≥18 were selected as the survey objects, and the prevalence of major chronic diseases and their influencing factors were analyzed by Logistic regression model. Results　A total of 21 935 patients were enrolled, and 10 602 patients suffered from chronic diseases with a prevalence rate of 48.33%, including 4 929 cases of hypertension with a prevalence rate of 22.47%, 4 238 cases of obesity with a prevalence rate of 19.32%, 3 610 cases of dyslipidemia with a prevalence rate of 16.46%, 1 632 cases of anemia with a prevalence of 7.44%, and 1 236 cases of type 2 diabetes with a prevalence of 5.63%. The prevalence of hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes increased with age, while the prevalence of anemia decreased with age (P<0.01). The prevalence of hypertension dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes was higher in males than in females, and the prevalence of obesity and anemia was higher in females than in males, with statistical significance (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that 30-<40 years old (OR=1.836, 95%CI: 1.565-2.034), 40-<50 years old (OR=2.916, 95%CI: 2.613-3.255), 50-<60 years old (OR=5.244, 95%CI: 4.651-5.913), 60 years old and above (OR=10.866, 95%CI: 9.533-12.385), government personnel (OR=1.789, 95%CI: 1.405~2.279), professional and technical personnel (OR=1.774, 95%CI:1.372-2.295), the office staff (OR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.418-2.607) occasional alcohol consumption (OR=1.157, 95%CI: 1.055-1.270) and occasional exercise (OR=1.498, 95%CI: 1.238-1.812) were risk factors for chronic disease. Conclusion　The prevalence of chronic diseases among residents in Aheqi County of Xinjiang is at a low level. Local health institutions have strengthened health education and publicity on multiple chronic diseases and the prevention and control of anemia among young and middle-aged women.

Efficacy observation of long-retaining scalp acupuncture plus interactive training for upper-extremity dysfunction after cerebral stroke / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the efficacy of long-retaining scalp acupuncture plus interactive training in improving upper- extremity dysfunction in cerebral stroke patients. Methods: Ninety-five patients with upper-extremity dysfunction after cerebral stroke were randomized into two groups, with 48 cases in the treatment group and 47 cases in the control group. Conventional internal medicine treatment was offered to both groups. In both groups, Anterior Oblique Line of Vertex-temporal (MS 6, the middle 2/5) and Posterior Oblique Line of Vertex-temporal (MS 7, the middle 2/5) were selected from the same side of the brain lesion (the side apposing to the hemiplegic limb) for scalp acupuncture treatment. In the treatment group, the scalp acupuncture needles were retained for 7 h, in combination with interactive training, while the needles were also retained for 7 h in the control group but without interactive training. Prior to treatment and at 2-week and 4-week treatment, the two groups were scored using the functional test for the hemiplegic upper extremity-Hong Kong (FTHUE-HK) and simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity (FMA-UE). Results: The total effective rate was 97.9％ in the treatment group, higher than 74.5％ in the control group (P<0.01). The FTHUE-HK score was higher at 2-week and 4-week treatment than before treatment in both groups, presenting statistically significant intra-group differences (all P<0.001); the FTHUE-HK score was higher at 4-week treatment than at 2-week treatment in both groups, presenting statistically significant intra-group differences (both P<0.001). At 2-week and 4-week treatment, the FTHUE-HK score was higher in the treatment group than in the control group, showing significant between-group differences (both P<0.05). During the whole treatment process, the treatment group had higher FTHUE-HK scores compared with the control group, but there was no statistical significance comparing the change of the score between the two groups at 2-week treatment (P>0.05), while the between-group difference in the change of the score was statistically significant at 4-week treatment (P<0.05). The FMA-UE score was higher at 2-week and 4-weeks treatment than before treatment in both groups, presenting statistically significant intra-group differences (all P<0.001); the FMA-UE score was higher at 4-week treatment than at 2-week treatment in both groups, presenting statistically significant intra-group differences (both P<0.001). At 2-week and 4-week treatment, the FMA-UE was higher in the treatment group than in the control group, and the between-group differences were statistically significant (both P<0.01). The FMA-UE score rose gradually with the increase of treatment session, and there was statistical significance comparing the change of the score between the two groups at 2-week and 4-week treatment, respectively (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Long-retaining scalp acupuncture plus interactive training results in more significant efficacy than long-retaining scalp acupuncture alone in improving the upper-limb dysfunction after cerebral stroke and the advantage becomes more notable after 2-week consecutive treatment.

Comparison of the composition and content of pulmonary surfactant among plateau zokors, plateau pikas and rats / 生理学报

In the present study, the composition and content of pulmonary surfactant (PS) were analyzed to explore the hypoxia adaptation mechanism in plateau zokors (Myospalax baileyi) and plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae). 36 plateau zokors and plateau pikas were trapped alive at the Laji Mountain in Guide County, Qinghai Province (at the altitude of about 3 600 m), and 36 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were purchased from the experimental animal center of Lanzhou University (at the altitude of about 1 500 m). All animals were lavaged after laboratory anesthesia, the blood in lung tissues was fully washed out and the lung tissues were then taken out to obtain the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by bronchoalveolar lavage. The composition and content of phospholipids in the PS of three different kinds of animals were analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography; the protein composition, content and types in the PS were analyzed by G-250 Coomassie brilliant blue method, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and mass spectrometry; the dissolved oxygen in the PS solutions were determined by using dissolved oxygen electrode. The results showed that the total contents of phospholipids in the PS were successively increased among plateau zokors, plateau pikas and SD rats (P 0.05). The relative content of PSe had no significant differences between plateau zokors and plateau pikas (P > 0.05), but both were significantly higher than that of SD rats (P < 0.01). The serum albumin (SA) was identified in the PS of three kinds of animals, including homologous tetramer protein containing heme, which is composed of hemoglobin β subunit, in plateau zokors and plateau pikas. Immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain was found in PS of plateau zokors and SD rats. The content of Ig heavy chain in plateau zokor was significantly higher than that in SD rats (P < 0.01), and the content of protein containing heme was significantly higher than that in plateau pikas (P < 0.05). The amount of dissolved oxygen was successively decreased in the PS among plateau zokors, plateau pikas and SD rats (P < 0.01), but it was significantly higher than that in saline (P < 0.01). These results suggest that the total content of proteins in the PS of plateau zokors and plateau pikas was significantly higher, while the total content of phospholipids was significantly decreased. There were high content of homologous tetramer protein containing heme in the PS of plateau zokors and plateau pikas. The relative content of DPPC, the main component of phospholipids, was significantly increased in plateau zokors. The changes of PS component and content improve the adaptability of the two plateau animals in hypoxia environment.

Full-factor design of experiment application in the development of printing ink for binder jetting 3D printed preparation / 药学学报

The development of printing ink is a challenge for binder jetting 3D printed preparations, which directly determines the quality of the printed product. This study adopted a 23 full-factor Design of Experiment (DoE) with three central points to optimize the printing ink composition of levetiracetam 3D printed dispersible tablet based on the concept of Quality by Design. Firstly, using polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, glycerin and polysorbate 20 as independent variables based on 40% (v/v) isopropanol aqueous solution, and weight variation, hardness, friability and dispersion uniformity of the printed tablets were used as dependent variables. Then obtained the design space of the printing ink prescription by DoE model analysis, and the response optimizer was used to obtain the optimal printing ink prescription: isopropanol aqueous solution containing 0.1% (w/w) polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 and 4.0% (w/w) glycerin. The jetting mechanism and wettability of the printing ink were analyzed, and different strengths of personalized 3D printed tablets were prepared and characterized, which verified the rationality of the printing ink formulation. This study provided a reference for the development of printing ink for binder jetting 3D printed preparations.

Distribution of the COVID-19 epidemic and correlation with population emigration from Wuhan, China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) outbreak is spreading in China, but it has not yet reached its peak. Five million people emigrated from Wuhan before lockdown, potentially representing a source of virus infection. Determining case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in the early stage of the epidemic is of great importance for early warning and for the prevention of future outbreaks.@*METHODS@#The official case report on the COVID-19 epidemic was collected as of January 30, 2020. Time and location information on COVID-19 cases was extracted and analyzed using ArcGIS and WinBUGS software. Data on population migration from Wuhan city and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi, and their correlation with the number of cases was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The COVID-19 confirmed and death cases in Hubei province accounted for 59.91% (5806/9692) and 95.77% (204/213) of the total cases in China, respectively. Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan, which are adjacent to Hubei. The time risk of Hubei province on the following day was 1.960 times that on the previous day. The number of cases in some cities was relatively low, but the time risk appeared to be continuously rising. The correlation coefficient between the provincial number of cases and emigration from Wuhan was up to 0.943. The lockdown of 17 cities in Hubei province and the implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented an exponential growth in the number of cases.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The population that emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source in other cities and provinces. Some cities with a low number of cases showed a rapid increase in case load. Owing to the upcoming Spring Festival return wave, understanding the risk trends in different regions is crucial to ensure preparedness at both the individual and organization levels and to prevent new outbreaks.

Clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity in children with invasive pneumococcal disease: a multicenter study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical characteristics, drug sensitivity of isolated strains, and risk factors of drug resistance in children with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).@*METHODS@#The clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity of the isolated strains of 246 hospitalized children with IPD in nine grade A tertiary children's hospitals from January 2016 to June 2018 were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Of the 246 children with IPD, there were 122 males and 124 females. Their ages ranged from 1 day to 14 years, and among them, 68 (27.6%) patients were less than 1 year old, 54 (22.0%) patients were 1 to 2 years old, 97 (39.4%) patients were 2 to 5 years old, and 27 (11.0%) patients were 5 to 14 years old. Pneumonia with sepsis was the most common infection type (58.5%, 144/246), followed by bloodstream infection without focus (19.9%, 49/246) and meningitis (15.0%, 37/246). Forty-nine (19.9%) patients had underlying diseases, and 160 (65.0%) had various risk factors for drug resistance. The isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were 100% sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin, 90% sensitive to ertapenem, ofloxacin, and ceftriaxone, but had a low sensitivity to erythromycin (4.2%), clindamycin (7.9%), and tetracycline (6.3%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#IPD is more common in children under 5 years old, especially in those under 2 years old. Some children with IPD have underlying diseases, and most of the patients have various risk factors for drug resistance. Pneumonia with sepsis is the most common infection type. The isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are highly sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ertapenem, and ceftriaxone in children with IPD.

In vivo anti-tumor activity of tumor-targeting pH-sensitive lipoprotein-mimic nanocarrier with paclitaxel loaded / 中国中药杂志

Paclitaxel( PTX) is used as a broad spectrum anti-tumor medicine. However,serious drawbacks restrict clinical application of PTX. In this study,we prepared tumor-targeting and pH-sensitive lipoprotein-mimic nanocarrier containing paclitaxel( BSALC/DOPE-PTX) to study the effective antitumor activity. The in vivo targeting ability of the nanocarrier in tumor bearing nude mice was evaluated by using a Kodak in vivo imaging system FX PRO. The in vivo anti-tumor activity was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 tumor bearing mice,and representative sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin( H&E),and examined by light microscopy. The results showed that DiR-loaded FA-BSA-LC/DOPE selectively targeted tumor,and had a relatively long residence in the tumor tissue. According to the in vivo anti-tumor activity study,FA-BSA-LC/DOPE-PTX exhibited an outstanding tumor inhibition effect with a tumor growth inhibition rate of 79.3%,and tumor tissue sections stained by hematoxylin and eosin( HE) showed severe necrosis areas and many dead cells with condensed nuclei in the FA-BSA-LC/DOPE-PTX group. Therefore,FA-BSA-LC/DOPE-PTX is a biocompatible,tumor-targeting and pH-sensitive lipoprotein-mimic nanocarrier,with a very marked anti-tumor activity in tumor-bearing mice in vivo.

Analysis of ocular biometric parmeters in hyperopia preschool children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To measure and analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and refractive status in hyperopia preschool children.<p>METHODS: Two hundred and three cases(405 eyes)of hyperopia were included in this study, who were diagnosed in Northwest Women and Children Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018.According to different mean spherical equivalent(SE)diopter, the children were divided into mild hyperopia, moderate hyperopia and high hyperopia groups though the retinoscopy after cycloplegia. Anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), vitreous depth(VITR)and axial length(AL)were measured by A-scan. The value of K1, K2 were got by computer refractor. And analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and refractive. <p>RESULTS: The mean anterior chamber depth for hyperopia preschool children was 3.08±0.38mm, the lens thickness was 3.91±0.34mm, the vitreous depth was 14.53±1.85mm, the axial length was 21.45±1.01mm and the average cornea K was 43.34±1.70D; There were statistically significant differences in AL and VITR among the three hyperopia groups(<i>P</i><0.05). There were statistically significant difference in LT between low hyperopia and moderate hyperopia, moderate hyperopia and high hyperopia(<i>P</i><0.05). There were statistically significant difference in ACD between low hyperopia and moderate hyperopia(<i>P</i><0.05). No difference in K was found across the three groups(<i>P</i>>0.05); SE was negatively correlated with AL and ACD(<i>P</i><0.01), but had no correlation with ACD, LT and K(<i>P</i> >0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The change of AL plays an important role affecting the refractive state of preschoolers with hyperopia ametropia, which is manifested as higher the hyperopia diopter, the shorter AL and the shallower vitreous cavity, which are co-involved in the change of refractive state, while the hyperopic degree had no correlation with ACD, LT and K. The axial refractive error is the main refractive error in preschoolers.

Efficacy comparison of different forms of dog-days acupoint application for prevention and treatment of chronic bronchitis / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of traditionaldog-days acupoint application and Magic Acupuncture Patch (Manji) in the prevention and treatment of chronic bronchitis (CB) in remission stage in the past five years, and explore the principle of action and effective stimulation, to provide the evidence for treating CB by acupoint application. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 405 patients with CB who met the inclusion criteria. All patients were treated with dog-days acupoint application or Magic Acupuncture Patch between 2013 and 2017. The clinical data of 405 patients were statistically analyzed to compare the prevention and treatment effects of dog-days acupoint application and Magic Acupuncture Patch, and different degrees of stimulation of dog-days acupoint application. Results: Among the dog-days acupoint application groups, the total effective rate was 63.6％ in the light stimulation group, 93.1％ in the moderate stimulation group, and 94.8％ in the strong stimulation group. The differences in the total effective rate between the light stimulation group and the moderate stimulation group, as well as the strong stimulation group, were statistically significant (both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total effective rate between the moderate stimulation group and the strong stimulation group (P>0.05). The total effective rate was 83.9％ in the dog-days acupoint application group, versus 45.4％ in the Magic Acupuncture Patch group, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of dog-days acupoint application in the prevention and treatment of CB is better than that of Magic Acupuncture Patch; the degree of stimulation is the basis for the effect of dog-days acupoint application on prevention and treatment of CB, and the moderate and strong stimulations are more appropriate.

Clinical analysis of comprehensive amblyopia therapy in 715 eyes of children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To analyze the therapeutic effects of comprehensive amblyopia therapy in 715 eyes of children.<p>METHODS: Three hundred and nineteen-three cases(715 eyes)of amblyopia were included in this study, who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from July 2015 to July 2017. The amblyopia treatment file was established, and the therapeutic effect of amblyopia comprehensive therapy was observed. The relationship between age, amblyopia type, amblyopia degree, treatment compliance and fixation were analyzed.<p>RESULTS: Totally 393 children(715 eyes), 520 eyes(72.7%)were basically cured, 117 eyes(16.4%)were progressive, and 78 eyes(10.9%)were ineffective. The total effective rate was 89.1%. The age, amblyopia type, amblyopia degree, fixation and treatment compliance were related with the therapeutic effect of amblyopia respectly.<p>CONCLUSION:The overall treatment effect of amblyopia in children is better. It is closely related to the clinical characteristics included age, amblyopia type, amblyopia degree, fixation and treatment compliance. The treatment effect was poor in children with older age, amblyopia type of aberrant amblyopia, strabismus amblyopia, severe amblyopia, paracentric fixation and poor compliance.

Effect of the proactive percutaneous catheter drainage strategy in the treatment of acute pancreatitis with infected necrosis / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of the proactive percutaneous catheter drainage(PCD)strategy in the treatment of acute pancreatitis(AP)complicated with necrotic infection.Methods A total of 70 patients with AP complicated with necrotic infection and trea-ted by PCD from January 2016 to November 2017 were prospectively enrolled.The patients were randomly divided into the routine group(n=35)and the modified group(n =35)according to the random number table method.The same indication and principle were performed performed during the first time PCD in both of the two groups.However,the subsequent treatment strategy was different between the two groups.The routine group was given a maximum of 1 adjustment of the drainage tube position or another catheterization.If the drainage effect was still poor,the necrosectomy would be taken through laparoscope,nephroscope or laparotomy directly.While the modified group was given frequent and early drain revision and upsizing of drains in case of lack of clinical improvement.The general data,the total number of PCD pro-cedures,the maximal final drain size,the duration between the first two times of PCD,the total drainage duration,the number of patients need for necrosectomy,the length of hospital stay after drainage,the number of patients need for new ICU admission,the number of patients need for readmission,complications and mortality were compared between the 2 groups.Results The total number of PCD procedures and the maxi-mal final drain size of the modified group was significantly higher than that of the routine group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The duration be-tween the first two times of PCD in the modified group was significantly shorter than of the routine group(P<0.01).The ratio of patients need for necrosectomy and suffered new-onset multiple organ failure significantly decreased in the modified group,and the difference was sta-tistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in total days of drainage,length of hospital stay after drainage,number of patients need for new ICU admission,number of patients need for readmission,complications and mortality.Conclu-sion The proactive PCD strategy of frequent and early drain revision and upsizing of drains for patients with acute infected necrotizing pan -creatitis when lack of clinical improvement can reduce the proportion of recurrent multiple organ failure and the need for necrosectomy,and it does not increase the risk of related complications.

Analysis on screening results of 2203 premature infants with retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM:To investigate the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants.· METHODS:The wide-field digital pediatric Retinal imaging system was used to screen 2203 preterm infants with gestational age ＜ 37wk or birth weight ≤ 2000g in NICU and the Ophthalmology Department of Northwest Women and Children Hospital from January 15,2015 to October 15,2017.The screening results were used to calculate the incidence of ROP and to analyze the risk factors.· RESULTS:Totally 367 infants (621 eyes) were diagnosed as retinopathy among 2203 premature infants and the incidence of ROP was 16.66％;236 cases (399 eyes) of ROP (26.61％) were detected in 887 cases of premature infants in accord with screening standard of the Chinese Premature Retinopathy Screening Guidelines (2014),and 131 cases (222 eyes) of ROP (9.95％) was detected in 1316 cases of premature infants outside the screening standard.In our research,the incidence of ROP was related with gestational age,birth weight,oxygen duration and mechanical ventilation.However,the relationship had not been found with artificial insemination,caesarean birth,gender,polyembryony,acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),hypertensive disorders in pregnancy,gestational diabetes mellitus,intrauterine infection,intrauterine distress,premature rupture of membrane.The incidence of ROP was statistically significant between different gestational age groups,different birth weight groups and different oxygen groups (P＜ 0.05).Logistic analysis showed that gestational age,birth weight,oxygen duration and mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors of ROP.· CONCLUSION:The incidence of ROP is 16.66％ in this study,and there is still a certain proportion outside the screening standard of the Chinese Premature Retinopathy Screening Guidelines (2014).Gestational age,birth weight,oxygen duration and mechanical ventilation are high risk factors for ROP.

Anti-Tumor Activity of Tumor-Targeting pH-Sensitive Lipoprotein-Mimic Nanocarrier Loaded with Paclitaxel / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To construct a tumor-targeting and pH-sensitive lipoprotein-mimic nanocarrier containing paclitaxel(BSA-LC/DOPE-PTX)for effective antitumor therapy. METHODS: In vitro drug release study was conducted using dialysis method. The stability of BSA-LC/DOPE-PTX was studied by testing the aggregation of BSA-LC/DOPE-PTX in 50% human plasma. The cytotoxicity of drug-loaded nanocarrier against MCF-7 cells was evaluated by standard MTT assay. The subcellular localization and intracellular drug release behavior of BSA-LC/DOPE were evaluated by LSCM. RESULTS: In vitro drug release study demonstrated that paclitaxel(PTX)was released from BSA-LC/DOPE in a pH-dependent manner. The stability study showed that there was no significant change, suggesting that the coupling BSA could increase the stability in plasma. The cellular inhibition of BSA-LC/DOPE-PTX with BSA targeting agents was greater than that of LC/DOPE-PTX. BSA-LC/DOPE facilitated the capacity of endosomal escape, and rapidly released the loaded agents into the cytoplasm under acid conditions in lysosomes. CONCLUSION: BSA-LC/DOPE, as biocompatible, tumor-targeting and pH-sensitive lipoprotein-mimic nanocarrier, is a promising system for effective intracellular delivery of PTX to tumors with optimal anti-tumor efficacy.

Cynomorium songaricum improves sperm count and motility and serum testosterone level and promotes proliferation of undifferentiated spermatogonia in oligoasthenospermia rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the effects of cynomorium songaricum (CS) decoction on the testis weight, serum testosterone level, and sperm parameters of rats with oligoasthenospermia (OAS), explore its action mechanism of improving the proliferation of undifferentiated spermatogonial cells, and provide some experimental and theoretical evidence for the development of new Chinese drugs for OAS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number: blank control, model control, high-dose CS, medium-dose CS, and low-dose CS. OAS models were established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide and, a month later, treated intragastrically with normal saline or CS at 2, 1, and 0.5 g per kg of the body weight per day, all for 4 weeks. Then, the testes of the animals were harvested to obtain the testicular weight, sperm concentration and motility, and the level of serum testosterone (T), detect the expressions of the transcription factor 1 (Oct4), Thy-1 cell surface antigen (Thy1), promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (C-kit) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the testis tissue of the rats in the low-dose CS group by real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The testis weights in the blank control, model control, high-dose CS, medium-dose CS, and low-dose CS groups were (1.52±0.06), (1.55±0.06), (1.43±0.30), (1.35±0.40) and (1.34±0.04) g, respectively, not significantly different in the blank and model controls from those in the CS groups (P>0.05). The visual field sperm count per 10 HP was significantly increased in the high-, medium-, and low-dose CS groups (202±20, 196±5 and 216±25) as compared with the blank and model controls (200±15 and 134±30) (P<0.05). The mRNA expressions of the Oct4, Thy1, PLZF and GDNF genes were remarkably higher in the low-dose CS group than in the controls (P<0.05), but that of the C-kit gene showed no significant difference from the latter (P>0.05). The visual field sperm motility per 10 HP was markedly increased in the blank control (［52.1±5.5］%), model control (［38.1±2.5］%), high-dose CS (［59.1±9.5］%), medium-dose CS (［58.7±9.5］%), and low-dose CS (［49.6±1.0］%) groups, and so was the level of serum testosterone (［190±87.5］, ［82.5±25.8］, ［229±75.6］, ［331±86.7］ and ［185±82.4］ mmol/L), both remarkably higher in the CS groups than in the model controls (P<0.05) but with no statistically significant difference between the CS groups and the blank controls (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CS can significantly improve sperm concentration, sperm motility and serum T level in OAS rats, probably by inducing the expression of GDNF in the rat Sertoli cells, promoting the proliferation of undifferentiated spermatogonial cells, and enhancing spermatogenesis.</p>